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The American Cocker Spaniel evolved in the United States from spaniels imported from Great Britain. By the 1930s the American variety had become so different from the English variety that it was given separate breed status.
American Cockers weigh 24 to 28 pounds (11 to 12.75 kg) and
stand 15 inches (38 cm) maximum height. They come in three
major color varieties: black, ASCOB (Any Solid Color Other
than Black) and particolor. The other solid colours are
chocolate, red, buff, and sable. Particolor dogs are all of
the above colors and white. Black and tan, chocolate and tan,
and tricolor (white, black and tan) are also common. Roan
(black and white or red and white hairs interminged) occurs
rarely.
Both black and brown sable colors with or without white or
tan markings are recognized in Canada, but are disqualified in
the United States. The domed head, large dark expressive eyes,
short deep muzzle, and abrupt stop are characteristic breed
points. The coat is flowing, long, silky, and abundant. The
long, luxuriantly feathered ears are a striking breed feature.
Most Cockers bred for hunting tend to have shorter coats and
longer muzzles than pet or show Cockers, as the extremely long
coat of show type dogs is very unfeasible for working, as it
will get caught in the bush.
Temperament: Their temperament is typically happy,
trusting, and intelligent. The ideal Cocker temperament is
merry, outgoing, and eager to please. They tend to be
"softer" dogs who do not do well with rough or harsh
training.
The popularity of the American Cocker Spaniel led to a
considerable amount of irresponsible breeding in an attempt to
keep up with the demand. The results have included fearful or
aggressive behavior in some of the dogs, submissive urination,
and resource guarding. Responsible breeders have worked
diligently to eliminate these negative characteristics while
trying to educate the public regarding responsible breeding.
Temperment of the American Cocker Spaniel should always be the
primary concern when breeding these dogs. As with all puppies,
owners are advised to choose their breeder carefully.
Health: Cocker Spaniels are susceptible to a variety
of maladies, particularly infections affecting their ears and,
in some cases, their eyes. As a result, they may require more
medical attention than some other breeds. Common eye problems
in Cockers include progressive retinal atrophy (PRA),
glaucoma, and cataracts.
The American Spaniel Club recommends annual eye exams by a
veterinary ophthalmologist for all dogs used for breeding.
Autoimmune problems in Cockers include autoimmune hemolytic
anemia (AIHA) and ear inflammations. Less common are luxating
patellas and hip dysplasia. Dogs used for breeding can be
checked for both of these conditions, and dogs free of hip
dysplasia can be certified by the Orthopedic Foundation for
Animals (OFA).
History: The name cocker comes from the fact that
the breed originally hunted woodcock. In the United States the
breed is registered under the name "Cocker Spaniel",
as is the English Cocker Spaniel in the UK, which can cause
confusion between these two breeds. By the 1930s the American
variety had become so different from its English ancestors
that it was given separate breed status. Originally a gun dog,
the Cocker now fulfills the position of family pet or show dog
most often and unlike the English Cocker, is rarely seen
hunting.
Some American lines are still bred for fieldwork, and a
small movement works to preserve the hunting abilities of the
breed. He can be a faithful and responsible children's
companion. Cockers have been a highly popular American breed
since the 1940s, occupying the top position in number of
American Kennel Club registrations from 1940-1952. The breed
declined a bit in popularity and then resurged to number one
in registrations from 1984-1990. Since then, the breed's
popularity has declined. The Cocker Spaniel was 15th in AKC
registrations for 2004, down from 14th in 2003.
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